[더셀럽 김지영 기자] In’With Sam’, through the history of vaccines, we predict the future with the Corona 19 vaccine.
On the afternoon of the 28th, the KBS1 liberal arts program’With a teacher’, a disease history researcher Dr. Kim Seo-hyung appears, and the’Six Vaccines, Save Humanity’ section is decorated.
President Roosevelt of the United States, novelist Yu-jeong Kim, and Pyotr II of Russia, what do these three have in common? These are the people who have suffered from deadly infectious diseases such as’poliomyelitis’,’tuberculosis’, and’naturalpox’. If there were’vaccines’ at the time, how would the lives of the three people have changed?
The importance of vaccines triggered by Corona 19! How do we cope with the crisis of infectious diseases in history through 6 deadly infectious diseases that have put the global village in crisis,’Neonpox’,’Measles’,’Rabies’,’Polio’,’Tuberculosis’, and’Mumps. After the birth of the vaccine, we will examine how the trend of infectious diseases has changed with Dr. Seohyung Kim, a disease history researcher.
It is a’pandemic’ that is,’a state in which the epidemic is not limited to one region or country, but is prevalent globally.’
Since the establishment of the WHO in 1948, the pandemic has been proclaimed three times in human history. These include the 1968 influenza (Hong Kong flu), the 2009 swine flu, and the 2020 corona 19. So, was there no pandemic before?
Experts call it’Natural Bean’ as the first pandemic in human history. Smallpox had a high mortality rate, killing about 50 million people 10% of the Roman Empire’s population at the time. There is no cause or cure. People at the time thought that smallpox was a punishment for humans by God. Various methods, such as gut and superstition, were mobilized, but there was no effect.
Then, in May 1976, British doctor Jenner heard rumors that people with cowpox (acute infectious disease related to cattle) do not get smallpox. An 8-year-old boy was rubbed with vaccinia pus into the wound and injected with smallpox bacteria. It was the moment when mankind’s first vaccine was born. Infectious disease = Smallpox wasn’t the only disease he believed was a ghost.
The disease with the most records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty is’measles’. At that time, the officials of Silhak scholars supported the power of disease research, but it was not enough, and the measles vaccine appeared in 1963.
In the past, infectious diseases originated in animals familiar with humans. It was 30,000 years ago that humans and dogs began to live together. Rabies is a disease that appeared with dogs as they entered the realm of humans. It is a disease that is caused by bites of animals with the rabies virus. It is a very scary disease with aggression, confusion, seizures, and rabies symptoms and a mortality rate of 100%.
Pasteur, a biochemist familiar to us, has developed a rabies vaccine. The cause of the disease was clearly identified and a rational treatment was suggested through full-scale vaccine development. By drying the spinal cord of the brain of a rabbit with rabies for a long time, a vaccine (attenuated vaccine) with weakened toxicity was injected into the dog to confirm the effect of preventing rabies. It was the birth of a second-generation vaccine following smallpox.
‘Polio’ is a nervous system infectious disease caused by poliovirus. In 1940, polio spread rapidly throughout the United States. At the time, people said that polio, which engulfed the entire city in great chaos, was a fear comparable to an atomic bomb.
Research on polio vaccine began to be active in 1948. Under the direction of Dr. Jonus Sork, a large-scale clinical trial was conducted in American history. The experiment involving 20,000 doctors and public health officials, 64,000 school officials, and 1.8 million children was successful. As a result, the number of polio cases decreased significantly, to 160 cases in 1961.
In particular, Dr. Sonner did not exercise his patent rights for the public interest. The famous words he left are still being talked about. “Are you going to patent the sun?”
Since 1962, there is a vaccine that requires vaccination for all newborns within 4 weeks of age. It is the’BCG’ vaccine that is not injected. The BCG vaccine is associated with the epidemic that caused the most deaths in human history. It is’tuberculosis’. Tuberculosis is mainly infected in the lungs by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has spread worldwide since industrialization in the mid-18th century.
German bacteriologist Robert Koch opened the door to research on tuberculosis vaccines by discovering tuberculosis bacteria using a microscope that his wife gave as a birthday gift. He was the founder of bacteriology, proving that disease is caused by bacteria. Based on this research, Koch won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the tuberculin reaction test he invented has been widely used to date as a method to check for tuberculosis.
It takes a lot of time, effort, and personnel before a vaccine can be made. But in human history, there are scientists who have developed more than 40 vaccines? The main character is Dr. Morris Hillman of the United States. Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Chickenpox, Pneumonia, etc. It has developed the most vaccines in human history.
Maurice Hillman, who intuitively realizes the pain in her daughter’s neck and takes samples to develop the first mumps prevention vaccine. This vaccine is known as a vaccine that prevents not only mumps, but also measles and rubella, which are popular worldwide. It is the first vaccine incorporating a live virus strain, and was named’MMR vaccine’ after the first letter.
However, in 1998, an unexpected controversy arose over the MMR vaccine. It is because of the eyes of British doctor Andrew Wakefield. In his paper, he argued, “five out of eight autistic patients were children who received the MMR vaccine within a week of age.”
Confused parents have joined the campaign against the vaccine, and as a result, the number of people infected with measles in the U.S. reached the highest in 2019. Is this thesis really true?
On February 26, 2021, the COVID-19 vaccine was finally started in Korea.
The greatest’public health triumph’ in history, the dazzling achievement of science and medicine, vaccines that have freed countless humans from the fear of death. Can the Corona 19 vaccine really be the 7th vaccine that saved humanity?
‘With a teacher’ is broadcast every Sunday at 7:10 pm.
[더셀럽 김지영 기자 [email protected] / 사진= KBS 제공]