The most important’event’ of that era that cannot be seen in’Queen of Iron Man’

The king couple in tvN drama meet secretly every night. Queen Cheol-in (played by Shin Hye-seon), combined with the soul of 21st century Blue House Chef Jang Bong-hwan (played by Choi Jin-hyuk), gives private tutoring every night to help Chul-jong (played by Kim Jeong-hyun).

It is the knowledge of Korea in the 21st century that the soul of Jang Bong-hwan teaches Cheoljong through the mouth and hand of Queen Ironman. Jang Bong-Hwan does not spare the effort to help Cheoljong make a better country without being overwhelmed by Andong Kim’s prestige.

Efforts to make a good country were also active among the real people of the Cheoljong period. They tried harder than the queen or king of iron in the drama. Such fierceness is remembered for later generations as a rather negative expression of’minran’.

‘Im Sul-min-ran’ was more serious than any other incident during the Chuljong period

When it comes to’Cheoljong’,’Ganghwa Doryeong’ or’Sedo Politics’ comes to mind quickly, but the first thing to be associated with is Im Sulminran. This is because there was no bigger incident than Im Sulminran during the Chuljong period.

This civil war arose out of resistance to the’disruption of the Samjeong (jeonjeong, military government, rebellion)’ that occurred in the fields of land tax, military service tax, and welfare. This incident occurred in the year of Imsul on the lunar calendar (1862.1.

Imsulminran, which farmers raised with intellectuals, famous people, and ruined yangban spread even more in Jeolla-do, west of Danseong-hyeon. In the case of Gyeongsang-do, it occurred in 19 areas, whereas in the case of Jeolla-do, it occurred in 38 places, which is twice that. 11 in Chungcheong-do and 3 in other regions responded to the civil war.

Chungcheong, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang, collectively referred to as the Samnam, were the most important areas in the industrial production of the Joseon Dynasty. As civil war broke out in 68 places in the Samnam region, it had no choice but to have a greater impact than today’s’national general strike’. So Im Sulminran was more serious than any other incident during the Chuljong period.

On the surface, intellectuals and yangban took the lead, but since they were not the main force, the situation did not unfold in their style. In the case of Iksan, protesters even captured local leaders and dumped them outside Iksan. For the abandoned Sato, it might have been better to be trapped in prison.

The reason that the Joseon Dynasty failed to prevent this situation was that the system that would reliably absorb the challenges of the people did not work properly. Even though the private economy reached the point of collapse due to the disturbance of the Samjong, the outlaws (royal in-laws) who took control of the state administration were buried in the interests of the family and the faction, and the situation could not be accurately diagnosed macroscopically. Therefore, the state did not come up with appropriate countermeasures necessary to prevent the situation. In 1967 <사학연구> There is such a point in the thesis’Socioeconomic Background of Im Sul-Minran’ by Professor Kim Jin-bong of Chungbuk National University published in No. 19.

“The inadequacy or collapse of all national systems, suspension of public works due to depletion of the national treasury, injustice in taxation and dissatisfaction with the protection of economic interests of the special class, and the ruling class and the dominated class mainly due to economic problems The intensification of confrontation between the peoples and the like had a different bond and strength just before the peasant uprising, and these became the driving force to promote the civil revolt.”

Another phenomenon in contrast to the weakening of state power has facilitated the outbreak of civil war. This is the reinforcement of the people’s organizational power, which is particularly prominent in this era. There was no social media or internet, but the people of this era have successfully developed their own way of speaking out. It had a great influence on the outbreak of Imsulminran.

There is an eponymous ancestor written by Song Kang Jeong-cheol during exile, saying, “Hearing the words that were cooked at the house of Gwon-nong beyond the ashes yesterday/ Riding a jizzle with the feet of a cow lying down on the ground/ Ahee, are you here? Jeong-cheol in his ancestors referred to himself as the “right left hand”, but it is impossible for the exiled prisoner to become the left hand at the site.

The working organization of Hyanghoe, a group of local yangban, was Hyangcheong. The left hander was an executive at Hyangcheong. Looking at it now, it was like a city, county, or gu council executive. It seems that Jung-cheol, who was active in the center, became a drinking friend with the exiles and was called Jeong Jwa-soo.

Hyanghoe is indirectly revealed in Jeong Chul’s founder. Being a member of this Hyanghoe meant being recognized as a noble class in the community. They were called yangban by combining Muban and Munban, but the privileged class who joined Hyanghoe was also called yangban. Yangban, which we often say, is the latter meaning.

The same meaning of Hyanghoe changed in the 19th century Sedo politics era. This is because the emerging rich people, not the traditional yangban, entered Hyanghoe. A paper by Professor Chan-seop Song of National Broadcasting University, published in May 1997, describes the situation faced by the existing family members due to the advancement of these new forces, called Yoho-bumins, who have included ‘to be generous’. Public Opinion and Politics in the Joseon Dynasty: The Peasant Uprising and the Civil Society’ explains:

“What made the four-joked more difficult was the one that grew up from the bottom based on wealth. Those who are called Yoho-bumin gradually participated in the Hyanghoe to grow their power in the local society. They accepted them as members of the Hyanghoe, and the existing ones centered on the four-joked people. Hyanghoe has a different personality.”

Since Hyanghoe represented the interests of the traditional yangban, this organization may not be the surname of the Yohobu people. In such a case, the Yohobu people ignored Hyanghoe and created a separate organization. Since Samjung’s disorder sometimes caused damage to the Yohobu people, some of them tried to protect their rights and interests through a new organization.

In 2014, Daesik Yoon, a professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, published in Vol. 7, No. 2, “The Face of Autonomy in Modern Korean Farmers’ Movement: Focused on Im Sulminran and the Donghak Peasant Movement”. When they reach a situation where they cannot resolve their complaints about tax exploitation, the people of Yoho Prefecture start to make their own meetings to represent their intentions, and they are called the Minhoe, Lihoe, and Metropolitan It’s the emergence of the main township.”

However, it was not possible to form a civil society with the strength of the Yoho people alone. This was possible because intellectuals who were dissatisfied with the existing system and the fallen yangban were together. In addition, the participation of the people played a decisive role.

Without the support of the people, it was difficult for the people of Yoho, the complaining intellectuals, and the fallen yangban to confront the existing welcoming party centered on the privileged class. The above paper says, “Because the large and small people (high and low-class people) also became members of the board, not only the Yoho-bu people but also ordinary farmers could express their interests.”

The people of the Cheoljong era who were fiercely active

This civil society played a big role in the process of the outbreak and development of the Imsul-Min-Rang. In places where public power was paralyzed due to the civil turmoil, the civil society also played the role of self-governing government. Because the capacity to create such an organization was sufficiently accumulated, the nationwide popular uprising could easily occur.

There are many other causes of Imsulminran. There is also a deterioration in economic conditions due to drought or flood, and the overall weakening of political power in East Asia due to Western pressure. However, if the perspective is confined to the dynamics of the side causing and preventing the civil rebellion, it can be seen that the’reinforcement of the organizational power of the people’ represented by the formation of the civil assembly and the’weakening of national power’ caused by the Gukjeong Nongdan of the Sedomun can be seen as having an important effect. have.

After the Japanese colonial period, Koreans found the origin of democracy mainly in the West. This trend became stronger after the US Army Jinju in September 1945. However, the power of the people to protect themselves existed in every era in any country. In the case of the Joseon Dynasty, such energy became stronger during the period of the Chuljong era, when national power was further weakened. It was concentrated as Im Sulminran.

Just like the king couple in the midst of thinking head-to-head to change the world, the people of the Cheoljong era fiercely sought a better world. In historical dramas, the common people sitting at the taverns and drinking alcohol are often portrayed as mere brain owners, but the people of that era, like us today, acted fiercely for their political capacity.