China’s’Tianwon-1′ lands on Mars and operates rovers after breaking the US shout
U.S.’Personality’ attempts’Mercury’ as a higher level mission
With the opening of the’Launch Window’ to’Red Planet’ Mars in July of last year, three spacecrafts launched in succession flew hundreds of millions of kilometers to arrive side by side on Mars, putting the world’s attention to the test.
At dawn on the 10th (Korean time), the orbital ship Al-Amal (Hope) of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) first attempts to enter orbit, followed by China’s Tianyuan-1, which also orbits on the same day. I am going to go up to
US exploration rover Perseverance attempts to land on Mars’ atmosphere at the dawn of the 19th, slightly later.
The missions and skill levels that the three spacecraft will perform are different, but they are bound to be compared to each other on the same stage at the same time.
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| ▲ An imagination that the Perseverance is attempting to enter the atmosphere by removing solar panels. |
It is a matter of national pride, though not visible, between China, the first attempt to land on Mars while advocating space, and the United States, which is the only successful landing on Mars.
◇ Planting dreams in Arab youth
The Arab world’s first Mars probe, Amal, will enter Mars orbit at 0:30 on the 10th.
All six Delta-V recoil propulsion engines are in operation, reducing the speed from 121,000 km/h to 18,000 km/h before entering orbit. This process lasts for 27 minutes and consumes about half of the fuel, and the success of entering orbit can only be determined after 11 minutes by the distance between Earth and Mars.
The UAE sees that this process is the most difficult step and the probability of success is halved.
If Amal successfully enters the orbit, it will perform a mission to observe the weather on Mars by rotating an orbit every 55 hours over 22,000 to 44,000 km for one year (687 days) in Mars time.
It orbits without landing on Mars, but only the United States, India, the former Soviet Union, and the European Space Agency (ESA) have achieved this.
Amal, developed in partnership with U.S. universities such as the University of Arizona, was launched by a Japanese rocket from the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan by the ‘Moha bin Rashid Space Center’ (MBRSC), which has been in charge of the UAE’s space program.
It has been promoted with the goal of inspiring young Arabs to enter space and reminding them of the golden age of the Arab world that led world culture and science.
This day is the ’50th anniversary of unification (foundation)’ of the UAE, and if Amal successfully enters orbit, celebrations will be held in Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world.’
◇ Challenge Mars, which has been monopolized by US Rover.
The Chinese probe Tianyuan-1 also arrives on Mars ahead of Chunje, the biggest holiday. Following Amal, it enters orbits on the same day, moves around, and separates the lander in May to enter the atmosphere.
The Tianwon-1, which reaches a total of 5 tons, carries an orbiter, a lander, and a rover together, and it is the first time in the history of human space exploration to attempt this all at once.
Like Amal, the orbiter will orbit for one year in Mars time, and the lander will attempt to land on the’Utopia’, a large crater (collision hole) with the rover. Powered by sunlight, the rover searches the soil and atmosphere for about three months to find traces of ancient life.
If the Tianyuan-1 lander lands on Mars, it will become the second country to successfully land on Mars after the United States, and if the rover works properly, it will break the US-only rover monopoly.
China launched a Mars probe with Russia in 2011, but failed to get out of the Earth’s orbit and ended in failure, but if Tianyuan-1 succeeds, it will restore its honor all at once and show the world the same space technology as the United States.
Although China is a latecomer compared to the United States and Russia, the world is watching Tianwon-1’s achievements with breathtaking efforts as it has rapidly strengthened its space technology by landing a spacecraft on the back of the moon for the first time in mankind.
On the 6th, the National Port and Heaven Bureau of China released a test-transmitted picture taken by Tenwon-1 from Mars about 2.2 million km away and said, “All systems are in good condition.”
However, it is pointed out that secrecy still remains, such as failing to announce the exact arrival time of the Tianyuan-1 to orbit to Mars.
◇ ‘7 minutes of fear’ is still the same, but the’class’ is different
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Perseverance ship arrives 100km above Mars at 5:30am on the 19th, enters the atmosphere at a speed of 20,000km/h, and attempts to land. Hundreds of processes from ingress to landing in about 410 seconds must fit together like a cog to succeed in landing.
Starting with’Sojourner’ in 1997, Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity have been successfully landed, and this is the fifth rover landing, but the ‘7 minutes of fear’ still remains.
In particular, as an example where Perservance will land, the crater is a place with many cliffs, puddles, and rock formations, and there is a risk that this mission, which has been invested in $3 billion ($3,358 billion), will end in failure .
Curiosity also gave up because it was too dangerous while reviewing it as a candidate for landing. NASA scientists, however, are highly likely to find traces of life targets in craters as an example of an ancient delta, and landing safety has been improved based on the Mars landing technology so far, and they insist on flat “large parking lots” like before. It is said that they decided to take the risk without it.
Unlike the previous rover, the six-wheeled Perservance has significantly increased the range of autonomous judgment and movement based on advanced artificial intelligence based on advanced artificial intelligence. Accordingly, it can travel 200m a day and conduct exploration activities with a sense of speed.
It will also carry out a new mission to collect rock samples and prepare them for recovery by other NASA and ESA spacecrafts, which will be launched in 2026, instead of being analyzed directly on site. When this sample is delivered to Earth in the early 2030s, it is expected that traces of ancient life will be found with much more accurate analysis equipment than the rover was equipped with.
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